DEFINE AND INTERPRET THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS:

 

Fortran, C, Pascal are individual programs in the High-Level Language category, in which the programming language with strong abstraction from the computer details. Below that is the Assembly Language, often referred to simply as Assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, which is any low-level programming language with a powerful correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. The Assembly Language statement is a line of text that translates into a single machine instruction. Assembly Language is expressed in a more human readable form than the binary instructions and names are allowed for memory locations, registers, operations, etc. This leads to the transition to machine language; They are any low-level programming language, consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer's central processing unit. It is the elemental language of computers. It is read by the computer's central processing unit (CPU), is composed of digital binary numbers, and looks like a very long sequence of zeros and ones. And lastly, the foundation of the pyramid is the Hardware; they include the physical parts of a computer, such as a case, central processing unit, random access memory, monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers, and motherboard. By contrast, the software is the set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. This whole pyramid is like the function of the computer as a whole, without one of the parts, it will work, and it must be integrity as always.

A logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produce a single binary output. They're are 7 types of logic gates, and each of them have different functions. 

The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called "false" and 1 is called "true," the gate acts in the same way as the logical "and" operator. The following illustration and table show the circuit symbol and logic combinations for an AND gate. The output is "true" when both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the output is "false." In other words, the output is 1 only when both inputs one AND two are 1.

The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical operation "and" followed by negation. The output is "false" if both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the output is "true."

A logical inverter, sometimes called a NOT gate to differentiate it from other types of electronic inverter devices, has only one input. It reverses the logic state. If the input is 1, then the output is 0. If the input is 0, then the output is 1. 

The OR gate gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the logical inclusive "or." The output is "true" if either or both of the inputs are "true." If both inputs are "false," then the output is "false." In other words, for the output to be 1, at least input one OR two must be 1.

The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" if both inputs are "false." Otherwise, the output is "false."

The EOR gate acts in the same way as the logical "either/or." The output is "true" if either, but not both, of the inputs are "true." The output is "false" if both inputs are "false" or if both inputs are "true." Another way of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same. 

The ENOR  gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" if the inputs are the same, and "false" if the inputs are different.